Top fermenting yeast
Morphological characteristic
- Form chains of budded cells
- The mother & daughter cells remain attached to one another for a longer time & result branch chain of cells are formed
Physiological deference
- Can’t ferment trisaccharide raffinose
- Short fermentation because it’s produced respiratory metabolism
- Yeast crop after fermentation is much greater
- Have a higher enzyme content
- Spore formation takes longer
Fermentation technological differences
- Yeast rise to the surface during fermentation
- Yeast can’t form flocs
- produce a turbid beer with a higher degree of attenuation
- Fermentation temperature are performed between 14 oC to 25 oC
Bottom fermenting yeast
Morphological characteristic
- Occur almost as single cell or pair of cells
- Mother & daughter cells separate from one another
Physiological deferences
- Can ferment trisaccharide raffinose because of their enzyme spectrum use raffinose completely
- Long fermentation because metabolism dominates by far
- Low yeast crop after fermentation
- Have a lower enzyme content
- The ability to form ascospore is limitted
Fermentation technological differences
- Yeast settle to the bottom at the end of fermentation
- Flocculation behaviour which the cells clump together after a short time to form large flocs & the settle rapidly
- In the case of powdery yeasts the cells remain very finely divided in the fermentation medium & sink slowly to the bottom only at the end of fermentation
- Flocculant yeast produce a clear, but less fully fermented beer
- Powdery yeasts produce a turbid beer with a higher degree of attenuation
- Fermentation temperature are performed between 4 oC to 12 oC
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